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| Opioid dependence ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Opioid addiction and dependence
Opioid addiction and opioid dependence, sometimes classified together as an opioid use disorder, are medical conditions that characterize the compulsive use of opioids (e.g., morphine, heroin, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, etc.) in spite of consequences of continued use and the withdrawal syndrome that occurs when opioid use stops, respectively. The necessary descriptive characteristics of the medical diagnosis are preoccupation with a desire to obtain and take the drug and persistent drug-seeking behaviour. The opioid dependence-withdrawal syndrome involves both psychological dependence and marked physical dependence upon opioid compounds.
Opioid use disorders resulted in 51,000 deaths in 2013 up from 18,000 deaths in 1990.
==Symptoms of withdrawal==
Symptoms of withdrawal from opiates include, but are not limited to:〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Opiate withdrawal )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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